1. Disordered mind
   Sky
2. Mirror
   Telescope

The apostle Paul is saying that at present, we see God as if reflected in a dark or tarnished mirror, not very clearly. In the afterlife, we will see God face to face. This verse is from the famous reflection on love in 1 Corinthians 13.

1. Priests in training
   Gifts of charity
2. Minor sins
   Significant sins

Today, we've largely replaced the word "alms" with "donations," but the idea is essentially the same. Throughout the Middle Eastern world, in both Judaism and Islam, almsgiving is very important, and it's not frowned on to give directly to a poor person or beggar. In contrast, in modern, Western Christianity, the prevailing idea is that it's better to give through a structured charity instead.

1. Clothing worn during war
   Smaller units within an army
2. A protective structure on a fortress wall
   Reasons to go to war

If you look this up in the dictionary, you'll likely see a picture of alternating stone "teeth" on the wall of a castle rooftop. It's a very medieval image, but the use of the word in Deuteronomy suggests the idea of these fortifications has been around a long time.

1. Angels on high
   Father
2. Fall silent
   Take heed

"Abba" is the Aramaic word for "Father," and when it appears in the Bible, it is a reference to God. Arabic has a similar term, "Abu." This also means "Father," and is often an honorific before an older man's name.

1. Bottle
   Bottlefly
2. Plow
   Sea-beast

We didn't quote a Bible verse here because the ones we found would have given away the definition, like "to every one a cake of bread ... and a flagon of wine," in 2 Sam. 6:19. But if you enjoy sword-and-sorcery fantasy, you might not have needed a verse for context. "Flagons" frequently appear in fantasy novels, holding mead or cheap "firewater" for the heroes to drink after their adventures.

1. A beast of burden
   A field
2. A stew
   A sword

Edged weapons are "whetted," meaning they are sharpened. The "whetstone" is the object you use to sharpen the weapon. You can still find a whetstone in a kitchen-supplies store, thought nowadays they're just called sharpening stones, and are used for cooking knives.

1. Earth
   Heavens
2. Moral grounding
   Polar ice caps

Although the first syllable, "firm-," might suggest something that can be stood upon, meaning the ground, this is not the case. "Firmament" is an old-fashioned word for "sky" or "heavens," and is used several times in the creation story.

1. Command by an oath or vow
   Travel in haste
2. Render aid to
   Refuse aid to

This is another term you'll find in medieval- or Renaissance-inspired fantasy fiction. The leaders of covens, for example, can "adjure" younger witches to do something, and those witches have no choice but to obey.

1. Amazed
   Asleep
2. Badly hurt
   Buried

Whenever we see this old-fashioned variant of "astonished," we're reminded of one of our favorite Bible-related witticisms (not blasphemous, don't worry): "And when Jesus had finished speaking, the people were astoned and said 'Can you put that in Evernote?' "

1. A reddish color
   A small room
2. A snare or trap
   An understanding or deal

Speaking of a wicked man, one of Job's friends predicts, "The gin shall take him by the heel, and the robber shall prevail against him." (Job 18:9). This meaning of the word persisted well into 19th-century English, turning up in novels and poems.

1. An antelope-like creature
   An altar
2. An impure woman
   A plain or stretch of ground

The chamois we modern people might use to polish wood or a car is usually made from some kind of hide, though today, it's often sheep. Still, it's probably no surprise that its name is derived from a deer-like or antelope-like creature. The chamois is mentioned in the book of Deuteronomy.

1. Another name for gospels
   Histories
2. Letters
   Prophecies

"Epistle" is an old-fashioned term for "letter" or "missive," and they make up much of the New Testament, after the four gospels and the book of Acts (which is generally considered a history). The names by which we call some of the best-known books of the New Testament, like "Corinthians" or "Galatians" are actually the recipients of those letters from the apostle Paul.

1. Baptism rituals
   Firstborn offspring
2. First marriages
   Sins committed spontaneously

The word "firstlings" usually refers to the offspring of livestock animals, not humans. For example, Deuteronomy 13:12 requires that "every firstling of a beast which thou hast, the males shall be the Lord's." We're assuming this means it was to be sacrificed, though the verse doesn't explicitly say that.

1. It means to be patient or to endure
   It means to make sacrifices promptly
2. It means to remain celibate
   It means to abstain from wine

This word appears in its noun form, "forbearance," as well. Paul writes in 1 Thessalonians, "When I could no longer forbear, I sent to know your faith, lest by some means the tempter have tempted you, and our labor be in vain." In other words, he had to know if the Thessalonians had lost their faith.

1. You are foolish
   You are ill with consumption
2. You are white-haired with age
   You are very righteous

You might know this word better as "hoary," but it means the same thing. Likewise, you might have heard of "hoarfrost," which is the delicate crystalline frost that makes its patterns on flat surfaces, especially windows. The meaning of "pale whiteness" is consistent in all these terms.

1. A donkey-like creature
   A growth or sore
2. A horde of people
   A storm cloud

"Canker" can mean a spreading sore, or, in rare cases, a caterpillar that consumes plants in a similarly destructive fashion. If you guessed that the words "canker" and "cancer" are related, you are correct ... but why such sore or growths reminded the ancients of crabs (the original meaning of "cancer" in Greek) isn't entirely clear.

1. Attainment of one's full height
   Brotherly love
2. Management of a household, thrift
   Marital relations

This term survives today in the guise of "animal husbandry," a term for the care of livestock. In King James's time, though, it was broader, and often implied frugality. See also a line in "Macbeth," where a character sees a starless sky and comments, "There's husbandry in heaven; the candles are all out."

1. To condemn them
   To establish them in an office, often priestly
2. To give them shelter
   To "know" them in the physical sense

The word "ordain" is still used today in this ecclesiastical sense; when they finish seminary, clergy members are "ordained." Meanwhile, to become a Catholic priest is "taking orders," a related term.

1. Bad at self-control
   Paralyzed below the waist
2. Mentally very sharp
   Located on an island

This term survives today in the narrower meaning of bladder incontinence, which is literally not having control over urination. However, it used to be defined more broadly. If you had no filter on your speech, or no control over how you spent money, those were ways of being "incontinent."

1. Yes, it is.
2. No, it's sinful.

Well, we suppose it could depend who you ask (for example, the late Hugh Hefner). But since this quiz is on the Bible, we're comfortable saying that "lasciviousness," meaning lewdness or lustfulness, does not put a check mark in the "plus" column.

1. Disciplines or scolds
   Favors
2. Pursues
   Saves

Maybe you've had a coach who said, "When I don't bother to yell at you, that's when you should start worrying." The apostle Paul is saying a similar thing here. God finds ways to scold or punish those He cares about, so they will improve in their faith and their morals.

1. Flowers
   Harvesters
2. Oxen
   Weeds

In our experience, weeds just spring up without being planted. However, in Jesus' parable, an enemy of a farmer comes by night and actually sows tares among the wheat seeds. The farmer wisely decides to let both grow, until it's clear which is which, and then he'll separate them. The obvious parallel is to God, who will someday divide the good from the wicked, but not before letting humans mature and show their true colors.

1. Beef
   Bread
2. Food of any kind
   The word of God

"Meat and drink" meant "food and drink" to the readers of the early Bible (and speakers of early English, in general). Only in recent times has it come to mean the flesh of a non-fish animal

1. Birth, and the circumstances surrounding it
   Blessing
2. Conception
   Revelation

Today, we almost exclusively use the word "nativity" to discuss the birth of Christ. But it used to refer to the circumstances surrounding someone's birth, especially their homeland -- note the resemblance to the word "native."

1. The angels
   The Devil and demons
2. Mountain goats and rams
   Fish and whales

"Nether" is an old-fashioned term for "lower" or "below." In the Bible, it is used almost exclusively to refer to the Hebrew/Jewish concept of "sheol," or the Christian variant, which is hell.

1. A clay tablet
   A bundle of wheat
2. A flock of birds
   A priest's robe

"And he made the ephod of blue, gold, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen." (Exo. 39:2). The pronoun "he" is unclear, possibly referring to Moses or to his brother-in-law Aaron. But the ephod is definitely to be worn by Aaron — he was the priest of the Hebrews who fled Egypt under Moses' leadership.

1. All-powerful
   Everywhere at once
2. Extremely loving
   Very forgiving

"Potent" means "strong or powerful," so "omnipotent" means "all-powerful." Christians also refer to God as all-knowing (omniscient) and all-forgiving (which doesn't have a convenient single word, that we know of).

1. Coins
   Loaves of bread
2. Scrolls of the scriptures
   Walking sticks

In Luke chapter 9, Jesus tells the disciples to go out into the world with "neither staves, nor scrip, neither bread nor money." In other words, Jesus required the new apostles to really lean on God for their basic needs.

1. A virtue!
2. No, a sin!

To "vaunt" is the brag or boast. It's still used today in its adjective form. For example, "You can expect the candidate's vaunted military service to come up in every stump speech or debate."

1. Yes, I would!
2. No thanks!

"Penury" is a state of poverty or destitution, which most of us prefer to avoid. Proverbs 14:23 also suggests it's an undesirable outcome: "In all labor there is profit, but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury."

1. An eagle or hawk
   A gallon jug
2. A light ship
   A way or method

If you think this meaning of "wise" has fallen completely out of use, you'd be wrong. It survives in the word "likewise," meaning "in a similar way." You'll also hear people say "contrariwise," meaning, "in the opposite fashion."

1. He is coming
   Grieve and be mournful
2. Beware of sin
   Listen!

This word is actually only used once in the Bible, in 1 Corinthians. However, it has been picked up by Christian churches, especially evangelical ones; you'll see it on banners or church bulletins. The definition is sometimes stretched from "He is coming" to "Rejoice, the Lord is coming soon."

1. Angry
   Delighted
2. Confused
   In love

This term is more familiar in its noun form, "wrath," which probably owes its longevity to being one of the seven deadly sins. However, you'll also see "wroth" in the Bible, meaning, "angry at."

1. .75
   2
2. 4
   8

This word is pretty obscure, so we gave you a head start by telling you that it's a measurement of liquid, usually water. Fun fact: A gallon of water weighs about 8 and a third pounds, so that "ephah" weighed about 65 pounds. Too heavy? Try an "omer," which was about 1/10 of an ephah.

1. "Whence" means "from where" and "whither" means "to where"
   "Whither" means "to where" and "whence" means "from where"
2. They both mean "from where"
   They both mean "to where"

In other words, you'd ask a friend "Whence that idea?" to ask "Where'd that idea come from?" And you'd say "Whither is this argument tending?" to ask "Where are you going with this argument?" Or, alternatively, we could just forget altogether that these two words exist.